Managing High Cholesterol and Heart Disease

High cholesterol is often considered one of the “three highs,” alongside high blood pressure and high blood sugar. Together, these three factors are significant contributors to cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in Singapore. If you have just been diagnosed with high cholesterol, there is no need to panic. It is possible to manage this condition effectively through lifestyle changes and, when necessary, medication. 

In this article, we explore the link between high cholesterol and heart disease, the steps you can take to manage it, and essential steps for prevention. 

Understanding Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a type of fat found in your blood that’s essential for your body to function. However, when cholesterol levels get out of balance, they can contribute to serious heart problems. 

There are two main types of cholesterol:

• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein):

  Often referred to as “good” cholesterol, HDL plays an essential role in heart health by transporting excess cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver for removal. 

• LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)

  : Known as “bad” cholesterol, LDL carries cholesterol to the arteries, where it can accumulate and form plaque. Over time, this plaque can cause the arteries to narrow, a condition called atherosclerosis, which can ultimately restrict blood flow and contribute to heart disease, including issues like heart failure and angina.

Management and Prevention

High cholesterol management calls for a combination of lifestyle changes and medical intervention. Here are some important steps you can take:

1. Heart-healthy Diet

The food you eat plays a crucial role in managing both high cholesterol and heart disease. Opt for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, such as those found in olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish. At the same time, cut back on processed foods and those high in trans fats, like fast foods and packaged snacks. Making more mindful food choices is great for lowering your cholesterol levels naturally and leading a heart-healthy lifestyle.

2. Exercise

In addition to a healthier diet, it is important to incorporate more physical activity into your daily routine. Exercises like brisk walking, cycling, or swimming can help raise your HDL and lower LDL levels. This not only helps manage cholesterol but also improves overall heart function, helps maintain a healthy weight, and reduces stress—all of which are essential for a healthier heart. As a general guideline, try to aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week. You can also consider incorporating short walks and other simple activities throughout the day to stay active. 

3. Medication

Sometimes, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough. For instance, your doctor may recommend cholesterol medication if your LDL level exceeds a certain level based on your current condition or if you’ve experienced a cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke. Additionally, individuals with a strong family history of high cholesterol may need to combine medication with lifestyle changes to achieve significant improvements.

4. Routine Screenings

Routine screenings and check-ups are crucial for managing high cholesterol and heart disease. Healthy adults aged 40 and above should have a cholesterol check at least once every 2 years. This recommended frequency increases if you have risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history. 

If you have already been diagnosed with high cholesterol, your healthcare professional may arrange for a CT coronary angiogram. This non-invasive procedure provides detailed images of your heart and blood vessels to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries. Most importantly, it can detect early signs of heart disease and allow you to take steps for prevention. This proactive approach is vital for identifying risks before they escalate into more serious health issues later on. 

Conclusion

High cholesterol and heart disease may be common concerns, but they can be kept under control with the right approach. By making the necessary lifestyle changes and seeking medical help when needed, you can take important steps towards a healthier, more balanced life.

Whether you have concerns about your heart health or require a second opinion, Dr. Leslie Tay is here to offer support. As a cardiologist in Singapore with years of clinical experience, Dr. Tay provides personalised guidance to help you make informed decisions about your cardiovascular

health. Take the first step and contact us today.